Retraction & Correction Policy

An article published in the Journal of Educational Technology on Studies and Applied Research (JETSAR) may be retracted under certain circumstances. JETSAR follows the Retraction guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when considering article retractions.

Considerations for Retraction

Editors should consider retracting an article if:

1. Unreliable Findings: Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to major errors (e.g., miscalculation, experimental errors) or fabrication (e.g., data manipulation) or falsification (e.g., image manipulation).

2. Plagiarism: The article is found to be plagiarized.

3. Redundant Publication: The findings have been published elsewhere without proper attribution, editor disclosure, or permission to republish, or there is no justification for redundant publication.

4. Unauthorized Material: The article contains material or data that has not been authorized for use.

5. Copyright Infringement: The article infringes on copyright or presents other serious legal issues (e.g., libel, invasion of privacy).

6. Unethical Research: The article reports unethical research.

7. Manipulated Peer Review: The article has been published based solely on a compromised or manipulated peer review process.

8. Undisclosed Conflict of Interest: The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest that, in the editor’s view, would have influenced the interpretation or recommendations of the work.

Retraction Notice Guidelines

Retraction notices should meet the following criteria:

• Linking: The notice should be linked to the retracted article whenever possible (in all online versions).

• Identification: The retracted article should be clearly identified, with the title and authors included in the retraction heading or citation.

• Clear Retraction Statement: The notice should clearly state that the article has been retracted, distinguishing it from other types of correction or comment.

• Prompt Publication: The retraction notice should be published promptly to minimize harm.

• Accessibility: The retraction should be freely available to all readers (i.e., not behind access barriers or available only to subscribers).

• Retracting Party: The retraction notice should state who is retracting the article.

• Reason for Retraction: The notice should clearly outline the reason(s) for the retraction.

• Objective Language: The retraction should be factual, objective, and avoid inflammatory language.

Retraction Exceptions

Retractions are not usually appropriate in the following cases:

• Disputed Authorship: If authorship is disputed but the validity of the findings is not in question.

• Correctable Errors: If the main findings of the work are still reliable and the errors can be corrected adequately without retraction.

• Inconclusive Evidence: If the evidence for retraction is inconclusive, or if further information is awaited, such as from an institutional investigation.

• Post-Publication Conflicts of Interest: If conflicts of interest are disclosed after publication but are not considered to have affected the article's conclusions.